4-year earnings Median earnings for a program cohort four years after completion.
$54,714
Program median
Program + credential
Biology, General.: Doctoral Degree
Credential-level program pages keep field-of-study metrics separate from institution-wide outcomes.
Source: U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard Data status: March 23, 2026 Missing and suppressed values are not zero.
Available program metrics
5-year earnings Median earnings for a program cohort five years after completion.
$57,555
Program median
Median debt Median program debt for a defined completion cohort.
$23,478
At evaluated institution
Cohort count Count context for the program outcome metrics.
53,721
Students in outcome cohort
| School | Type | Institution net price | Institution grad rate | Program data status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona State University Campus Immersion Tempe, AZ | Public | $14,967 | 68% | Available |
| Auburn University Auburn, AL | Public | $24,323 | 82% | Available |
| Baylor University Waco, TX | Private nonprofit | $41,104 | 80% | Available |
| Binghamton University Vestal, NY | Public | $21,620 | 81.6% | Available |
| Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA | Private nonprofit | $41,704 | 90.8% | Available |
| Boston University Boston, MA | Private nonprofit | $24,402 | 88.7% | Available |
| Bowling Green State University-Main Campus Bowling Green, OH | Public | $24,022 | 63.7% | Available |
| Brown University Providence, RI | Private nonprofit | $25,184 | 95.7% | Available |
| California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA | Private nonprofit | $16,075 | 94.4% | Available |
| Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA | Private nonprofit | $31,944 | 94.1% | Available |
| Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH | Private nonprofit | $41,190 | 87.2% | Available |
| Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, GA | Private nonprofit | $37,702 | 49% | Available |
| Clark University Worcester, MA | Private nonprofit | $28,714 | 76.9% | Available |
| Clemson University Clemson, SC | Public | $22,253 | 86.6% | Available |
| Cleveland State University Cleveland, OH | Public | $14,764 | 50.6% | Available |
| Colorado State University-Fort Collins Fort Collins, CO | Public | $21,279 | 66.5% | Available |
| Columbia University in the City of New York New York, NY | Private nonprofit | $21,590 | 96.1% | Available |
| Cornell University Ithaca, NY | Private nonprofit | $28,690 | 95.4% | Available |
| Creighton University Omaha, NE | Private nonprofit | $31,568 | 83.4% | Available |
| CUNY City College New York, NY | Public | $3,776 | 56.8% | Available |
| CUNY Graduate School and University Center New York, NY | Public | Not available | Not available | Available |
| CUNY Hunter College New York, NY | Public | $2,984 | 56.9% | Available |
| Dartmouth College Hanover, NH | Private nonprofit | $29,519 | 95.5% | Available |
| Drexel University Philadelphia, PA | Private nonprofit | $38,509 | 78.2% | Available |
| Duke University Durham, NC | Private nonprofit | $29,612 | 96.8% | Available |
| Duquesne University Pittsburgh, PA | Private nonprofit | $37,730 | 77.5% | Available |
| East Tennessee State University Johnson City, TN | Public | $15,983 | 53.2% | Available |
| Emory University Atlanta, GA | Private nonprofit | $22,585 | 91.1% | Available |
| Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL | Public | $8,752 | 62.6% | Available |
| Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL | Private nonprofit | $35,639 | 63.5% | Available |
| Florida International University Miami, FL | Public | $9,288 | 74.4% | Available |
| Florida State University Tallahassee, FL | Public | $11,297 | 85.6% | Available |
| Fordham University Bronx, NY | Private nonprofit | $44,338 | 81.9% | Available |
| George Washington University Washington, DC | Private nonprofit | $36,586 | 84% | Available |
| Georgetown University Washington, DC | Private nonprofit | $40,815 | 94.8% | Available |
| Georgia Institute of Technology-Main Campus Atlanta, GA | Public | $12,116 | 94% | Available |
| Georgia State University Atlanta, GA | Public | $15,931 | 53.1% | Available |
| Harvard University Cambridge, MA | Private nonprofit | $19,066 | 97.6% | Available |
| Howard University Washington, DC | Private nonprofit | $50,539 | 70% | Available |
| Idaho State University Pocatello, ID | Public | $12,193 | 39.4% | Available |
| Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, IL | Private nonprofit | $18,425 | 75.2% | Available |
| Illinois State University Normal, IL | Public | $19,398 | 64.5% | Available |
| Indiana State University Terre Haute, IN | Public | $10,873 | 42.9% | Available |
| Indiana University-Indianapolis Indianapolis, IN | Public | $11,668 | 54.5% | Available |
| Iowa State University Ames, IA | Public | $18,589 | 75.3% | Available |
| Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD | Private nonprofit | $18,809 | 93.8% | Available |
| Kansas State University Manhattan, KS | Public | $19,406 | 71.1% | Available |
| Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA | Private nonprofit | $36,931 | 87.9% | Available |
| Lincoln Memorial University Harrogate, TN | Private nonprofit | $20,406 | 49.7% | Available |
| Loma Linda University Loma Linda, CA | Private nonprofit | Not available | Not available | Available |
| Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Baton Rouge, LA | Public | $19,151 | 68.8% | Available |
| Loyola University Chicago Chicago, IL | Private nonprofit | $36,079 | 73% | Available |
| Marquette University Milwaukee, WI | Private nonprofit | $31,487 | 83.2% | Available |
| Marshall University Huntington, WV | Public | $7,502 | 51.2% | Available |
| Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA | Private nonprofit | $20,111 | 96.4% | Available |
| Miami University-Oxford Oxford, OH | Public | $28,384 | 79.8% | Available |
| Michigan State University East Lansing, MI | Public | $19,680 | 80.7% | Available |
| Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI | Public | $14,182 | 68.1% | Available |
| Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS | Public | $17,595 | 66.7% | Available |
| Montana State University Bozeman, MT | Public | $22,499 | 57.1% | Available |
| National University of Health Sciences Lombard, IL | Private nonprofit | Not available | Not available | Available |
| New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, NJ | Public | $16,504 | 72.8% | Available |
| New Mexico State University-Main Campus Las Cruces, NM | Public | $8,889 | 55.2% | Available |
| New York University New York, NY | Private nonprofit | $37,050 | 87.6% | Available |
| North Carolina State University at Raleigh Raleigh, NC | Public | $17,303 | 84.8% | Available |
| Northeastern University Boston, MA | Private nonprofit | $30,915 | 90.5% | Available |
| Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, AZ | Public | $14,158 | 61.3% | Available |
| Northern Illinois University Dekalb, IL | Public | $13,391 | 48.7% | Available |
| Northwestern University Evanston, IL | Private nonprofit | $29,167 | 95.1% | Available |
| Oakland University Rochester Hills, MI | Public | $9,120 | 57.6% | Available |
| Ohio State University-Main Campus Columbus, OH | Public | $17,339 | 87.7% | Available |
| Oklahoma State University-Main Campus Stillwater, OK | Public | $17,447 | 68.2% | Available |
| Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA | Public | $14,638 | 46.3% | Available |
| Oregon State University Corvallis, OR | Public | $19,604 | 70.1% | Available |
| Oregon State University-Cascades Campus Bend, OR | Public | $18,048 | 55.6% | Available |
| Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus University Park, PA | Public | $32,875 | 86.1% | Available |
| Portland State University Portland, OR | Public | $9,552 | 52.7% | Available |
| Purdue University-Main Campus West Lafayette, IN | Public | $14,600 | 83.1% | Available |
| Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY | Private nonprofit | $36,228 | 83.6% | Available |
| Rutgers University-New Brunswick New Brunswick, NJ | Public | $24,406 | 83.6% | Available |
| Rutgers University-Newark Newark, NJ | Public | $19,703 | 63.8% | Available |
| Saint Louis University Saint Louis, MO | Private nonprofit | $24,398 | 79.5% | Available |
| San Diego State University San Diego, CA | Public | $15,364 | 76.4% | Available |
| South Dakota State University Brookings, SD | Public | $19,841 | 62.4% | Available |
| Southern Methodist University Dallas, TX | Private nonprofit | $40,892 | 84.3% | Available |
| St. John's University-New York Queens, NY | Private nonprofit | $29,999 | 66.1% | Available |
| Stanford University Stanford, CA | Private nonprofit | $13,807 | 91.9% | Available |
| Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, NJ | Private nonprofit | $41,346 | 86.9% | Available |
| Syracuse University Syracuse, NY | Private nonprofit | $38,793 | 83.6% | Available |
| Temple University Philadelphia, PA | Public | $28,198 | 75.1% | Available |
| Tennessee State University Nashville, TN | Public | $15,796 | 34% | Available |
| Texas A&M University-College Station College Station, TX | Public | $21,315 | 83.9% | Available |
| Texas Christian University Fort Worth, TX | Private nonprofit | $36,660 | 85.5% | Available |
| Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX | Public | $19,070 | 68.7% | Available |
| Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX | Public | Not available | Not available | Available |
| The Catholic University of America Washington, DC | Private nonprofit | $29,561 | 79.5% | Available |
| The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL | Public | $22,420 | 73.4% | Available |
| The University of Montana Missoula, MT | Public | $16,784 | 48% | Available |
| The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN | Public | Not available | Not available | Available |
| The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX | Public | $19,857 | 88.9% | Available |
| The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, TX | Public | $9,403 | 50.2% | Available |
| The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio, TX | Public | $10,836 | 52.6% | Available |
| The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX | Public | Not available | Not available | Available |
| The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX | Public | Not available | Not available | Available |
| The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston, TX | Public | Not available | Not available | Available |
| Tufts University Medford, MA | Private nonprofit | $39,998 | 93.5% | Available |
| Tulane University of Louisiana New Orleans, LA | Private nonprofit | $39,949 | 86.1% | Available |
| Tuskegee University Tuskegee, AL | Private nonprofit | $35,013 | 55% | Available |
| University at Albany Albany, NY | Public | $17,167 | 61.5% | Available |
| University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY | Public | $20,995 | 75.2% | Available |
| University of Akron Main Campus Akron, OH | Public | $13,946 | 51.9% | Available |
| University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL | Public | $18,749 | 64.2% | Available |
| University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK | Public | $10,892 | 38% | Available |
| University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR | Public | $18,209 | 70.5% | Available |
| University of California-Berkeley Berkeley, CA | Public | $13,481 | 92.8% | Available |
| University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA | Public | $12,548 | 92.6% | Available |
| University of California-Riverside Riverside, CA | Public | $14,304 | 76% | Available |
| University of California-San Diego La Jolla, CA | Public | $12,470 | 86.1% | Available |
| University of Central Florida Orlando, FL | Public | $10,411 | 78% | Available |
| University of Chicago Chicago, IL | Private nonprofit | $14,860 | 95.9% | Available |
| University of Cincinnati-Main Campus Cincinnati, OH | Public | $25,648 | 75% | Available |
| University of Connecticut Storrs, CT | Public | $25,097 | 83.3% | Available |
| University of Connecticut-Avery Point Groton, CT | Public | $13,807 | 61.6% | Available |
| University of Connecticut-Hartford Campus Hartford, CT | Public | $16,403 | 65.1% | Available |
| University of Connecticut-Stamford Stamford, CT | Public | $16,798 | 56.5% | Available |
| University of Connecticut-Waterbury Campus Waterbury, CT | Public | $10,875 | 52.7% | Available |
| University of Dayton Dayton, OH | Private nonprofit | $29,533 | 80.2% | Available |
| University of Delaware Newark, DE | Public | $17,799 | 80.6% | Available |
| University of Denver Denver, CO | Private nonprofit | $36,131 | 75.6% | Available |
| University of Georgia Athens, GA | Public | $13,936 | 89.7% | Available |
| University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, HI | Public | $15,664 | 64.3% | Available |
| University of Houston Houston, TX | Public | $14,276 | 64.6% | Available |
| University of Idaho Moscow, ID | Public | $14,831 | 57.3% | Available |
| University of Illinois Chicago Chicago, IL | Public | $10,974 | 61.6% | Available |
| University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL | Public | $14,355 | 85.1% | Available |
| University of Iowa Iowa City, IA | Public | $22,531 | 74.6% | Available |
| University of Kentucky Lexington, KY | Public | $18,851 | 71.4% | Available |
| University of Louisville Louisville, KY | Public | $17,988 | 61.2% | Available |
| University of Maine Orono, ME | Public | $17,510 | 54.9% | Available |
| University of Maryland-Baltimore County Baltimore, MD | Public | $16,467 | 70% | Available |
| University of Maryland-College Park College Park, MD | Public | $15,678 | 88.6% | Available |
| University of Massachusetts-Boston Boston, MA | Public | $17,707 | 49.4% | Available |
| University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth North Dartmouth, MA | Public | $20,927 | 52.1% | Available |
| University of Massachusetts-Lowell Lowell, MA | Public | $17,163 | 64.8% | Available |
| University of Memphis Memphis, TN | Public | $12,397 | 50.9% | Available |
| University of Miami Coral Gables, FL | Private nonprofit | $37,244 | 83.7% | Available |
| University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis, MN | Public | $16,778 | 85.3% | Available |
| University of Mississippi University, MS | Public | $13,314 | 71.7% | Available |
| University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, MO | Public | $20,268 | 74.9% | Available |
| University of Missouri-St Louis Saint Louis, MO | Public | $15,071 | 56.6% | Available |
| University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE | Public | $17,747 | 67% | Available |
| University of Nevada-Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV | Public | $10,359 | 50.5% | Available |
| University of New Hampshire-Main Campus Durham, NH | Public | $23,805 | 76.1% | Available |
| University of New Mexico-Main Campus Albuquerque, NM | Public | $15,489 | 54.7% | Available |
| University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC | Public | $11,655 | 91.2% | Available |
| University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC | Public | $15,435 | 69% | Available |
| University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND | Public | $18,551 | 60.5% | Available |
| University of North Texas Denton, TX | Public | $15,649 | 60.7% | Available |
| University of Northern Colorado Greeley, CO | Public | $17,760 | 51.2% | Available |
| University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN | Private nonprofit | $26,780 | 95.2% | Available |
| University of Oklahoma-Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, OK | Public | Not available | Not available | Available |
| University of Oregon Eugene, OR | Public | $22,182 | 71.7% | Available |
| University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA | Private nonprofit | $28,699 | 96.5% | Available |
| University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh Campus Pittsburgh, PA | Public | $30,434 | 85.5% | Available |
| University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras San Juan, PR | Public | $9,175 | 50.3% | Available |
| University of Rochester Rochester, NY | Private nonprofit | $29,278 | 85.4% | Available |
| University of South Carolina-Columbia Columbia, SC | Public | $22,811 | 78.8% | Available |
| University of South Dakota Vermillion, SD | Public | $19,858 | 59.9% | Available |
| University of South Florida Tampa, FL | Public | $9,812 | 76.8% | Available |
| University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA | Private nonprofit | $32,740 | 91.8% | Available |
| University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS | Public | $21,708 | 49.1% | Available |
| University of Toledo Toledo, OH | Public | $17,249 | 57% | Available |
| University of Tulsa Tulsa, OK | Private nonprofit | $15,000 | 72.3% | Available |
| University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT | Public | $16,200 | 65.1% | Available |
| University of Vermont Burlington, VT | Public | $19,343 | 78.6% | Available |
| University of Virginia-Main Campus Charlottesville, VA | Public | $21,565 | 95.6% | Available |
| University of Washington-Seattle Campus Seattle, WA | Public | $14,091 | 85.2% | Available |
| University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI | Public | $15,014 | 49.3% | Available |
| University of Wyoming Laramie, WY | Public | $13,599 | 58.8% | Available |
| Utah State University Logan, UT | Public | $14,936 | 59.1% | Available |
| Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN | Private nonprofit | $15,846 | 93.5% | Available |
| Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA | Public | $23,433 | 63.2% | Available |
| Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA | Public | $24,953 | 86.2% | Available |
| Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC | Private nonprofit | $28,719 | 89.2% | Available |
| Washington State University Pullman, WA | Public | $14,971 | 60.5% | Available |
| Wayne State University Detroit, MI | Public | $12,766 | 58.4% | Available |
| Wesleyan University Middletown, CT | Private nonprofit | $30,177 | 92.6% | Available |
| West Virginia University Morgantown, WV | Public | $15,634 | 64.7% | Available |
| Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI | Public | $15,273 | 57.6% | Available |
| Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, MA | Private nonprofit | $43,071 | 89.7% | Available |